The problem-solving tree method is a procedure, for example, to record all alternatives to a challenge and to present them in an ordered form.
In the outer appearance of the method – as the name says – the tree structure is typical, i.e. a hierarchically branching basic structure.
Each branching is done from a certain point of view, that is, according to a certain criterion for differentiation of the studied area. In doing so, one will try to apply such distinguishing criteria first, which have a
– elementary, basic breakdown effect
– and only in the subsequent changes those that describe less decisive differences between the alternatives.
However, it is not possible to make a general statement about which outline criteria are important and less important. It only results from the special conditions of the application. Moreover, in the elaboration of many problem-solving trees, the hierarchical superiority and subordination of the design criteria can no longer be clearly defined, but their order is interchangeable within certain limits.
Working on a challenge with a problem-solving tree requires in-depth knowledge of the subject area in question. Involving lay people in a problem-solving group is usually not very useful when using this method.
The most beneficial use of the problem-solving tree is by expert individuals or expert small groups when dealing with complex problems.
In a relatively simple way, problem-solving trees can also be coupled with an evaluation procedure. In this case, value specifications are assigned to the individual branches, for example with regard to the demand frequency of an alternative, technical feasibility or realization problems, or economic efficiency – depending on the object and goal of the problem-solving process. With integrated evaluation procedure one finds for the method likewise the designation Relevance Tree.
The problem-solving tree shows its strength in the analysis of the challenge and in the generation of ideas. The problem-solving tree is particularly good for dealing with challenges of great complexity.
